Basic

Partikel

です

desu

Meaning

is, are,am (to be)

Examples

Watashi wa gakusei desu

I am a student

========================

も

mo

Meaning

too, also as well

Examples

Watashi wa nihonjin desu – I am a Japanese person

Anata mo nihonjin desu – You are Japanese,too

==========================

で

de

Meaning

at, in, on (place) <indicate where="" the="" event="" described="" by="" verb="" takes="" place=""></indicate>

Examples

I eat at home

Ie de tabemasu

=====================

に/へ

ni/e

Meaning

goal of movement, to (place, etc)

Examples

Watashi wa Nihon ni ikimasu

I will go to Japan

=====================

に

ni

Meaning

time reference, at on in (time)

Examples

1 ji ni nemasu

I sleep at 1 o’clock

Nichiyou bi ni kyoto ni ikimasu

I will go to Kyoto on Sunday

=========================

を

o,wo

Meaning

indicates direct objects, object maker

Examples

Watashi wa sushi o tabemasu

I eat sushi

Watashi wa terebi o mimasu

I watch TV

========================

ませんか

masen ka

Meaning

stem +ませんか is used to invite someone to do it. Won’t you – , How about – , Wouldn’t you -

Examples

Issho ni tabemasen ka? – Won’t you eat with me?

Date (de-to) shimasen ka? – Won’t you go on a date?

====================

は

wa

Meaning

Topic maker, As for – , about

Examples

Kyou wa , Tokyo ni ikimasu – I will go to Tokyo, today

Watash no senmon wa nihongo desu – My major is Japanese

======================

が　あります/います

ga arimasu/imasu

Meaning

There is/are (thing) – (thing) ga arimasu

There is/are(people etc) -(people etc) ga imasu

Examples

There is a thing (TV, food, book etc) – thing ga arimasu

Sensei ga imasu – there is a teacher

===========================

ましょう

mashou

Meaning

stem +ましょう – Let’s -

Examples

Nomimashou – Let’s drink

Ikimashou – Let’s go

===================

ましょう　か

mashou ka

Meaning

stem +ましょうか – Shall I/ We -

Examples

Tennis shimashou ka – Shall We play teniss?

Kaimono ni ikimashou ka? – Shall We go for shopping?

======================

URUTAN KATA DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA JEPANG

Word order: Japanese word order is fun.

English (subject)(verb)(object) Cats eat mice.

Japanese (subject)(object)(verb) (usually but not always!)

ねこはネズミをたべます。

neko wa nezumi o tabemasu.

cats – mice – eat

Another example

わたしは みせ へ いきます。

watashi wa mise e ikimasu.

I’m going to the store.

(わたしは watashi wa ) means ‘I’ (は wa) is the particle that shows the topic (more on this later)) – Ah! you know who is doing the work, but what, where, why, when??

(みせ へ mise e ) means ’store’ with the directional particle (へ e ) – Ok! you know where! But what???

And finally (いきます ikimasu) ‘go’ – Now putting it all together, we understand.

Posted in: Belajar Bahasa Jepang